CSIR has embarked on a feasibility study conducted on dual-fuel internal combustion engine applications for trackless mobile machines, of which there are approximately 14 500 in underground mines and 68 000 in open-pit mines. Hydrogen internal combustion engine dual-fuel technology is suitable for decarbonising the South African mining industry. The technology is compatible with the load requirements of locally used mining vehicles and can reduce carbon emissions by up to 60%. Dual-fuel technology enables a diesel engine to replace some of the diesel with an alternative fuel. The mining industry is energy-intensive, relying heavily on diesel and fossil fuel-generated electricity, which drives significant carbon emissions. Consequently, the sector is compelled to seek innovative and cost-effective alternatives.

Globally, the mining community has identified hydrogen technology as a suitable option over existing energy technologies in use in the industry. The CSIR study found that hydrogen internal combustion engine dual-fuel technology will allow the workforce to transition to hydrogen technologies gradually. Additionally, dual-fuel retrofitting, which provides for the use of hydrogen in vehicles, is less expensive than other alternatives and results in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.