The energy economy in South Africa is currently dominated by coal. Heavy reliance on a single source of energy can be problematic for a country’s economy. The Mpumalanga province houses a significant portion of coal-fired power stations and is considered the largest coal-dependent region in South Africa. Therefore, there is a need for energy diversification to reduce the region’s heavy reliance on coal. This study adopts a literature review, in addition to consultations with affected and interested stakeholders, to map out alternative energy sources that can be explored and adopted to diversify the energy economy in Mpumalanga.